Fire-resisting and moistureproof paint and method of making



LXGHHIIUI wuss KtttRENCE Patented Oct. 28, 1947 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FIRE-RESISTING AND MOISTUREPROOF PAINT AND METHOD OF MAKING Orazio La Cagnina, St. Albans, N. Y., assignor to Elizabeth La Cagnina, Ignazio Villano, Paul Castellana, and Salvatore Bartolo Castellana,

Dalessandro No Drawing. Application December 22, 1943,

Serlal No. 515,292

7 Claims. (Cl. 106-81) paints forming the subject matter of this inven-' tion.

By varying the proportions of the ingredients, the fire resisting qualities, the moisture resisting qualities, and the viscosity, of the several paints may be varied as is understood by those skilled in this art, and as will be described.

This invention comprises the following vehicles,

pigments and paints, which at this point of the description are only described in a general way. Since frequent reference will be made herein to particular paint vehicles, pigment compositions, and paints, such compositions, in the interest of clarity and brevity, will be given names, which appear in quotation marks.

"Fire stop vehicle #1"Fire stop vehicle #2 clear Vehicle #1 consists essentially of a solution of sodium silicate in water, combined with dust gaestos, l cerin and lacguer. After mixing, as will be descri e it is allowed to set for two days. Then the upper portion, say the top one-eighth, is drawn off, and this part drawn ofi forms "Fire stop vehicle #2 clear.

"Fire stop pigment #1 --Fire stop pigment M? a These pigments are finely divided mineral pigmerits, which are combined, together with other ingredients, as will be described, to make the several paints described below. In some cases, these two pigments are used separately, in other cases the two pigments are mixed with each other.

"Fire stop paint #1 This paint consists essentially of Fire stop pigment #1, a little linseed or China-wood or 51mm oil and Fire stop vehicle #1 mixed as will be described, to give a fire proof paint. In use, a priming or sizing coat is preferably first applied to'the metal, wood or other surface being 65 #1,:

ment #2, combined as described later.

treated, and then two coats of Fire stop paint #1 applied. These two coats of Fire stop paint #1" give very good fire proof protection and no other coats need be used. However, these two coats are not sufiiciently moisture resistant for outdoor use, although they are washable. For outdoor use, the following additional coats are applied, namely a sealing coat of gum lacquer dissolved in alcohol, followed by two coats of the Weather proof paint #1 or #2, now to be described.

,Weather proof paint #1, lacquer base" This paint consists essentially of Fire stop vehicle #2 clear, Fire stop pigments #1 and #2, glycerin and lacquer. This is applied on th "sealing coat just described.

"Weather proof pain t #2, lacquer base This paint is similar to Weather proof paint #1 above, containing, however, less of Vehicle #2 clear, more lacquer and Fire stop pigment #2. It is applied on Weather proof paint #1, lacquer base above.

Instead of the two lacquer base weather proof paints just described, the following two oil base weather proof paints may be used, being applied to the sealing coat, which in turn and as described, is applied on the second coat of Fire stop paint #1.

Weather proof paint #IA, oil base This paint is made of oil, varnish,

Fire stop vehicle #2 clear" and "Fire stop glycerin,

ment #2, combined as described later.

Weather proof paint #ZA, oil base 7' This paint is made of oil, varnish, glycerin, Fire stop vehicle #2 clear and Fire stop pig- This paint is applied on Weather proof paint #lA, oil base."

White paint or light colors A white or light colored paint may be made by combining Fire stop pigment #2, linseed or China-wood oil and e stop vehicle #2 clear, as will be described.

Priming coat for metal While a priming coat is not essential, it is desirable. A suitable priming coat for metal is made by combining certain of the pigments of Fire stop pigment #1 with Fire stop vehicle Priming coat for wood or similar soft or porous the four weather proof paints, and in making m surfaces white paint, as will be described.

A suitable priming coat for such surfaces is Fire stop p ment #1 made by diluting Fire stop will with Pounds bOiling waterand than mixing with" the 25.: Pigment #1, asbestos, 325 mesh 25 SE2; 1 Pigment #2, me, 325 mesh. 25

M 1. Pigment #3, powdered mica, 250 mesh 15 A fire stop putty may be be made by mixing Pigment #4, powdered mica, 100 mesh 15 Fire stop pigment #1 with either Fire st p 1 m nt #5. kao in, 3 m vehicle or #2 clear until a mass of the con- Pigment #6,?3355'325 mesh. 5 sis ency of putty 1's obtained. Pigment #7,'Be"fit6nite, 325 mesh 5 Those skilled in the art will, of course, under- Pigment #Sjiihc'ffig, 325 mesh 7 stand that the proportions of the ingredients Pigment #9, inert mineral pigments. may be varied according to whether a thick or 325-350 mesh thin paint is desired. That is to say, where a Pigment #11), 3g, 325 mesh 5 paint for spraying is desired. which calls for a 1 thinner paint, this is readly obtained by increas- Total 120 F amoupt g 1 t fir d The above fire resisting mineral pigments are 0 summanze t e orfegomg' Comp 8 e e an thoroughly mixed, together with any mineral moisture proof protectlonfor wood, metal or color ems necessary or desired to give a i g i gg i a g g Steps: particular shade of paint. These pigments are 53;; f inert mineral pigments having similar proper- 5 pa ties and some could be omitted and replaced by coat m Stop pamt 5 others. For best results, however, all should be ppy 2 ng used. The term inert mineral pigments as Apply Weather proof paint #1 or used herein means mineral pigments of the type quer 39 numbered 1 thru 8 and 10, in the above table. 6. Apply Weather proof paint #2 or 2A, lac- These mixed pigments form Fire stop quer or oil base. ment The manner of compounding and mixing the several vehicles, pigments and paints, referred to ifiif f gi gfig fg f $5313 2: 2': $3 in a general way above, will now be described in spective properties, these pigments additionally detail. impart the following properties to the mixed pigments and to the resulting paint: good covering power, good volume, good body and good set. They make a mixture in which the various ingre- "Fire stop vehicle #1 5 Gallons Sodium silicate, partially saturated water soi hflg dients are cemented or bound together in the h 0 ng -,-y= 'r paint coat,,as with abinder.

The hot water is thoroughly stirred into the 40 Fire stop pigment silicate and the solution cooled. Pounds Gallons Pigment #5, kaolin, 325 mesh 5 Gmerine Pigment #8, zine 325 mesh 6 A Nltmcenulose base lacquer Pigment inert mineral pigments, Dust asbestos, very fine impalpable powder (350 325450 mesh x -t 6% mesfi and finer), enough to make P with Pigment #11, special enamel powder (dethe glycerine and lacquer. scribed below.) 35 -"W 1 The glycerine and lacquer are mixed, and then the dust asbestos is gradually added with thor- Total 25 Ough mixing sumcient to make a Paste- This Pigment #lh e ferredto-above, consists of one paste is then mixed with the sodium silicate soput whitfi games 325 mesh, water floated; two lution. These ingredients may also be mixed by parts zinc oxide, 325 mesh and one part amor taking some of the dust asbestos and making a housm,mesh; these pigments m second paste with some of the sodium silicate sox ed d emangh: water added to give a lution, mixing this second paste with the first puttymke mass This m in I b ken paste, then adding the remainder of the sodium up, dried on a wood surface at i h 58o silmte solumn- This mixing is fiected gradu- When thoroughly dried it is ground. to 350 mesh. and thoroughly in a suitable mm mixer, This is Pigment #11, special enamel powder, or it may be done by working and pressing the g r fe r d to above ingredients through a. 200 mesh screen. After The above pigments #8 #9 and #11, are

mixing, it is allowed to set for two days. Before thorough; mind and form Fire sto i ent n it should be well stirred or shaken. This f 5 m white paint. and m 2% gives "Fire stop vehicle #1, used in making the 1 5- and oubasefimwfimof fig aa several paints, as will be described. It may be m are particular colors are used in its entirety, or the upper part may be desired, ate mm a 00102. e canted ofi, to make Fire. stop vehicle #2, now fi g i fi M to be described.

"Fire stop paint #1 M We w clear To lambsof"'Fi're.- sto pigment #1." linseed,

After a few days, Fire stop vehicle #1 settles Shimmer. similar oili m 'fifiTB'f som hat The p pa t may n w be s parat ashowen with gradual andthorough mixing, unif desired, by taking off say 2 gallons, more or less til;the.p gmenthasa.- moist or damp feel, al- (approximately the upper one-eighth), to give though, of course, no wateris present. For Fire stop vehicle #2 clear, for use in making. (,dlbs. of pigmentabfl'lt fig gallons; of oil. is sulfii e ra A i g '7 106 r52, A UKUSS Ktl-tiitiitt ma...

6 clent; for 100 lbs. of pigment, about 2 gallons of then part of the Fire stop pigment #2" added, oil is suflicient. enough to give a paste. To this paste is added:

Then the oil-tre e i ent is mixed with Nitrocellulose base lac 1 M. quer K (80%) gal. Fi sto hi 1 #1," m bout th s ro ormum-W re p was a e e p D After the lacquer is thoroughly mixed with the tions: 5

1" paste, then the remainder of the pigment is add- Oil treated Fire stop pigment ed. The paint is put through a 200 me h screen l Pounds" 100 before packaging. {Fire stop Vehlcle #1, Comparing the two foregoing examples, it, will If 13 gallons of vehicle #1 is used, about 108 noted that e am unts of lacque nd velbs. of #1 pigment would be used. 111018 are reversed in the two paints. These ingredients are gradually and thoroughly the 118 i to vehicle as 3:lli In am mixed in a suitable mill or mixer, and when so a the a This g ves mixed form a fire proof paint, which I call Fire Weat er P Q cquer base, which stop paint 15 is also fire resisting, which is applied on Weather f'f igfif used in the fire stop paint should proof paint #1, lacquer base described above, to be mineral pigments. Suitable colors may b bcomplete the several layers for complete fire proof tained by the use of appropriate pigments, proand moisture proof protection- This point, bevided mineral pigments are used fore using, may be thinned with commercial lacm paint hould be passed through a screen quer thin, as desired. is the coat, and of about 200 mesh before being put into cans or it y be slmonized f a glossy fi is if d si ed.

kegs. Prior to usin i sh uld, of course, be well Weather proof pfiz'nt #IA, oil base I stirred. The thickness of the paint may be varied by {Refined hnseed refined i i a g" 1 changing the proportions of pigment and vehicle. The above proportions are about right for brush- C0pal white gum according to thickness ing. For spraying, about 15% less pigment, that of the varnish desired -pounds 1.5-2.0 *s;= is. a out 85 bs. of pi m nt, w d e u The above ingredients are boiled and melted to In use, the surface should be treated with a form a varnish suitable priming or sizing coat, after which one m t fif above varnish, a fiat or gloss c at or i'i e sta r: g g s gl 2 i 3 g commercial outside spar varnish may be used.

lowed ry, w 'c es a on o ours.

This fire proof paint is washable. Then a second the above described g (157 1 coat is preferably applied and dried for 4 or 5 G1 Gem; 2g

hours. This gives two fire proof paint layers en- 4 y a tirely suitable for indoor or dry conditions. For These are t u hly mixed. Then take outdoor use, the second coat should be allowed to w stop pigment #2" pounds" 7 dry for about two days and a sealing coat then applied, this coat being made by dissolving 1 pint P mix part of this pigment #2 with the varof gum lacquer in 1 gallon of alcohol. While this 40 15h, enough to glve .2 5.2 4 Then take sealing coat could be omitted, it is preferred that Fire stop vehicle #2, c1ear (80%) gal.

it be used, as it serves to prevent chemical inand mix thorou m with this vehicle #2 clear temction between the fire proof coat and the Then the remai dei of the 7 lbs. of pigment #2 moisture proof coat, which is applied next. is added, to give Weather proof paint #1, on "Weather proof paint #1, lacquer base base. This paint has fire resisting and moisture Pounds resisting qualities, but preferably it is applied to the sealing coat, which in turn is applied over a I 1n l ,g: 3 2% g i g i -g two coats of Fire stop paint #1, already del scribed. This paint is put through a 200 mesh These pigments are well mixed. screen before packaging.

Glycerine J)0( g W athe #ZA I l u Nitrocellulose base lacquer 95 (15%) gal. 1 m e r p fiiwii u ffa 1 yce e 0 ga j The lacquer and glycerine are well mixed, and fume stop Vehicle #2 9/20 (15% gal.

then enough of the mixed pigments are gradu- I ally and thoroughly mixed to the consistency of These a W6 mixed. Then take V a past To t is M15 add Fire stop #2 ound 1 7 Y Fire stop u xfi clear (80%) and mix part of this pigment with the mixed This vehicle and paste are thoroughly mixedin glycerine and vehicle, to give a paste. Then a suitable mixer, and then the remainder of the take a varnish made of copal white g ung and 7 lbs. of mixed pigments thoroughly mixed in, to refined linseed or China-wood oi as in the pre- 5: give Weather proof paint #1, lacquer base. The ceding exampl or'a c'a'i'fii'iercial outside flat or paint is next put through a 200 mesh screen, and gloss spar varnish (according to the FEE h depackaged. This paint is fire resistiriag andi may S11 be used by itself as such, but prefera 1y it 5 ap- 16 plied to the sealing layer, which in turn is apvarnish as Just descnbed (80%) plied over two coats of Fire stop paint #1, as and mix gradually and thoroughly with the above already described, and followed by Weather paste. Then gradually and thoroughly mix in proof paint #2, lacquer base, now to be described. the remainder of the pigment #2. This gives u n Weather proof paint #2A, oil base. It is also Weather W fire resisting. It is put through a 200 mesh screen Fire pigment #2 7 before packaging or storage. It is applied over ilycerine ,5 5%) al. the described coat of Weather proof paint #lA, Flre stop vehicle #2 clear (15%) oil base. Before using, a suitable amount of a "The glycerlne and vehicle are well mixed and liquid drier should be added.

flomparing the two foregoing oil lbase paints, it will be :noticed that the amounts of varnish and vehicle are reversed. In the first oil base paint, the varnish is to vehicle as 3:16. In the second, the varnish is to vehicle as 16:3.

Vegetable i ments as well asmineral pigments came 3 weather or moisture proof paints, as desired.

White or light co'lored paint Eire stop pigment #2 pounds 25 Linseed orchina-wood oil gallons 22 These are thoroughly mixed in a suitable mixer togive a. damp feeling mixture. Then take Fire stop pigment #2 plus oil, as just described pounds About 25 Fire stop vehicle #2 clear gallons 3 These are thoroughly mixed, to give a fire resisting white paint.

Priming ,or sizing coat for metal surfaces A priming coat, while not necessary, is desirable.

Fire stop vehicle #1 gallons 1 Pigment #3, mica, 250 mesh pounds 1 Pigment #4, mica, 100 mesh -do 1 These are thoroughly mixed in a suitable mixer or mill, and in use gives a slightly rough priming coat, due to the coarser mica particles, useful in causing adherence of the first coat of Fire stop paint #1.

Priming or sizing coat for wood, paper-and similar W surfaces Summary For complete fire proof and moisture proof protection, the following steps are preferred:

1. A priming or sizing coat is applied, using the appropriate priming for metal or wood surfaces, as desired.

.2. .Apply a first coat of Fire stop paint #1, allowing about 2 or 3 hours to dry.

3. Apply asecond coat of Fire stop paint #1, allowing about hours to dry. This gives a fire {stopping protection suitable for indoor use. However, for outdoor use:-

4. Apply a sealing coat of gum lacquer dissolved in alcohol, as described. This insulate the fire stop paint from the moisture proof paint and prevents possible chemical interaction between the two.

5. Apply a. first coat of Moisture proof paint #1, either lacquer or oil base, allowing it to dry several hours.

6. Apply a second coat of"Moisture proof paint #2 or-2A, lacquer or oil base.

With the successive layers as described, there is a gradual change in composition, from an innermost fire proofing layer next to the wood or metal, outwardly to the outermost layer, which, while fire resistant, is essentially a moisture proofing layer.

the prefierred ingredientsof theimproved paint have been described in detail, it should be understood that equivalents cf the :named inapparent to those skilled in the art, may be used.

While particular .and preferred ingredients hare been specified, it should be understood that equivalents of the named substances may be used and that some may be omitted. The named ingredients :have been selected and tested, not only to avoid undesirable chemical interaction between the ingredients, but also at the same time to provide the necessary fire proofing and water proofing properties. While particular proportions have been specified, it should be understood that these may be varied, as i well understood by those skilled in the art.

I-claim asmy invention:

1. The process of preparing a fire-resisting paint, comprising the steps of mixing about one-quarter gallon of glycerine and about threequarters gallon of nitrocellulose base lacquer with sufiicient finely divided asbestos to form a paste; mixing this paste with about twelve gallons of a water solution of sodium silicate, thereby forming a vehicle; then 'intermixing with said vehicle about 108 pounds of inert mineral pigments mixed with about two gallons of-a drying oil.

2. The process of preparing a fire-resisting paint, comprising the steps of mixing about onequarter gallon of glycerine and about threequarters gallon of nitrocellulose base lacquer with Sufficient dust asbestos to form a paste, mixing this paste with about 12 gallons of a water solution of sodium silicate; allowing this mixture to settle for several days; drawing off the upper, clear portion, thereby providing a clear vehicle; then intermixing about 108 pounds of inert mineral pigment mixed with a drying oil, with said clear vehicle.

3. The process -of preparing a vehicle for a fire-resisting paint, comprising the steps of mixing about one-quarter gallon of glycerine and about three-quarters gallon of nitrocellulose base lacquer with enough dust asbestos to form a paste; then adding about 12 gallons of a water solution of sodium silicate.

4. The process of preparing a vehicle for .a fire-resisting paint, comprising the steps of mixing about one-quarter gallon of glycerine and about three-quarters gallon of nitrocellulose base lacquerwith enough dust asbestos to-form a paste; then adding about 12 gallon of a water solution of sodium silicate, allowing the mixture to settle for about two days, and then separating the upper, clear liquid as the desired vehicle.

5. A fire resisting paint, consisting of approximately the following ingredients, mixed and blended into a smooth homogeneous suspension:

:6. A rzehicle .for a fire resisting paint, consisting of approximately the following ingredients, mixed and blended .into a smooth homogeneous suspension:

Gallons Water solution of sodium silicate l2 Gdyoerine A; Nitrocellulose base lacquer Dust asbestos, sufficient to form a paste with .the glycerine and lacquer.

UKUSS KtltKtNUt Gallons Water solution of sodium silicate 12 Glycerine 5 1 Nitrocellulose base lacquer ORAZIO LA CAGNINA.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 328,857 Miller Oct. 20, 1885 459,751 Hooker Sept. 22, 1891 Number Number Name Date Hall Jan. 10, 1905 Strickle July 31, 1917 Wortelmann Nov. 15, 1921 Welles Nov. 21, 1922 Rogers Nov. 1, 1927 Jaeger Nov. 10, 1931 Flood et a1 June 22, 1937 Parry Aug. 9, 1938 Gloor May 30, 1944 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain 1907 Germany 1894 Great Britain 1929 Great Britain 1937 Great Britain 1937 

